Ways of Expressing Negative Category in Georgian and Turkish (Contrastive Analysis)

Abstract

The category of negation is a universal linguistic category that exists in different forms in all languages. The means of its expression are different. The category of negation has been thoroughly studied in Georgian, Georgian languages and dialects. The negative category is actively researched in Turkish as well. Both languages are distinguished by the variety and peculiarities of the means of expressing negation.

The aim of the work is to present the linguistic means of expressing negation in the Turkish language and to determine its similarities and differences with the Georgian language.

In the relevant literature, the functional-semantic microfield of negation is presented, in which the following levels are distinguished: morphological, lexical, derivational and syntactic (Zekalashvili, Abesadze 2016, p. 62). Based on the mentioned microfield, we compared two language rejection systems.

The comparative method is used in the research. The research was conducted based on the analysis of Georgian and Turkish languages. We think that the comparative analysis of languages that belong to different language groups is important from the point of view of establishing language universals.

As a result of the comparison of the two languages, the following similarities-differences were revealed: unlike Georgian, Turkish has a morphological sign expressing negation. Negative suffix “-mA”:(1) yapma; ar gaaketo "don’t do" (2) yapamam; ver gavaketeb "I cannot do" (Ergin 2013, p. 200). In Georgian, the negative particles "ar", "ver" are represented with the same function (Chumburidze, 1970, p. 41). It should also be noted here that the content nuanses of the negative particles "ar", "ver", "nu" in Turkish together with the negation sign “-mA” are expressed by different means, namely, through the modal verb and mood. In Georgian, negative category is expressed by negative pronouns and adverbs (Kurdadze 2015, p. 72). In the Turkish language, negative semantics can be conveyed with the participation of indefinite pronouns and adverbs.